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Sergio Leone Once Upon a Time in America Review

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1984 film directed by Sergio Leone

Once Upon a Time in America
Once Upon A Time In America1.jpg

Theatrical release poster by Tom Jung
Directed by Sergio Leone
Screenplay past
  • Leonardo Benvenuti
  • Piero De Bernardi
  • Enrico Medioli
  • Franco Arcalli
  • Franco Ferrini
  • Sergio Leone
Based on The Hoods
past Harry Grey
Produced by Arnon Milchan
Starring
  • Robert De Niro
  • James Woods
  • Elizabeth McGovern
  • Joe Pesci
  • Burt Immature
  • Tuesday Weld
  • Treat Williams
Cinematography Tonino Delli Colli
Edited past Nino Baragli
Music by Ennio Morricone

Production
companies
  • The Ladd Company
  • PSO International
  • Embassy International Pictures
  • Rafran Cinematografica[1] [2]
Distributed by
  • Warner Bros. (U.s.a.)
  • Titanus (Italy)

Release dates
  • May 23, 1984 (1984-05-23) (Cannes)
  • June 1, 1984 (1984-06-01) (U.s.)
  • September 28, 1984 (1984-09-28) (Italy)

Running time
  • 251 minutes (Extended Cut)
  • 229 minutes (European Cut)
  • 139 minutes (U.S. Release)
Countries
  • United States[3]
  • Italy[3]
Linguistic communication English
Upkeep $30 million
Box role $5.v million[4]

Once Upon a Time in America (Italian: C'era una volta in America ) is a 1984 ballsy crime film co-written and directed by Italian filmmaker Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Forest. The picture is an Italian–American[3] venture produced by The Ladd Visitor, Embassy International Pictures, PSO Enterprises, and Rafran Cinematografica, and distributed past Warner Bros. Based on Harry Grey'due south novel The Hoods, information technology chronicles the lives of best friends David "Noodles" Aaronson and Maximilian "Max" Bercovicz as they lead a group of Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence as Jewish gangsters in New York City'southward earth of organized law-breaking. The motion picture explores themes of babyhood friendships, love, animalism, greed, expose, loss, broken relationships, together with the ascent of mobsters in American lodge.

It was the final pic directed by Leone before his death five years later, and the first feature flick he had directed in 13 years. It is likewise the third moving picture of Leone'southward Once Upon a Time Trilogy, which includes Once Upon a Fourth dimension in the West (1968) and Duck, You Sucker! (1971).[5] The cinematography was by Tonino Delli Colli, and the film score past Ennio Morricone. Leone originally envisaged 2 three-60 minutes films, then a single 269-minute (4 hours and 29 minutes) version, merely was convinced by distributors to shorten it to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes). The American distributors, The Ladd Visitor, further shortened it to 139 minutes (2 hours and nineteen minutes), and rearranged the scenes into chronological order, without Leone's involvement.

The shortened version was a critical and commercial flop in the United States, and critics who had seen both versions harshly condemned the changes that were made. The original "European cut" has remained a critical favorite and frequently appears in lists of the greatest films of all time, especially in the gangster genre.

Plot [edit]

In 1933, 3 thugs search for a human being named "Noodles", torturing people for data. They enter a wayang theater, where the proprietors slip into a subconscious opium den inside the building and warn Noodles. He is apathetic, drugged and grasping a newspaper featuring the demise of bootleggers Patrick Goldberg, Philip Stein and Maximilian Bercovicz. He recalls observing police removing their corpses, Max'southward burned beyond recognition. Noodles evades capture and leaves the city alone and penniless.

In 1918, David "Noodles" Aaronson and his friends "Patsy" Goldberg, "Cockeye" Stein and Dominic struggle as street kids in Manhattan's Lower East Side, committing niggling crimes for local boss Bugsy. Max foils 1 of their robberies only has the booty stolen from him by a decadent police force officer. Using the officer's trysts with an underage prostitute as blackmail, the v youngsters starting time a gang with the same level of law protection every bit Bugsy. Max and Noodles become best friends.

The group rises through the ranks after implementing Noodles' idea to hibernate bootleg liquor. They stash half their earnings in a railway station locker, giving the key to "Fat Moe", a friend not direct involved in their activities. Noodles is in love with Moe's sister, Deborah, who dreams of condign a dancer and actress. An envious Bugsy eventually ambushes the boys and shoots Dominic, who dies in Noodles' arms. In a fit of rage, Noodles kills Bugsy and injures a police officer, and is sentenced to prison.

Noodles is released in 1930 and rejoins his friends, now prosperous bootleggers during Prohibition. His offset chore with them includes a diamond heist, using a jewellery employee and occasional prostitute named Carol as their informant. During the robbery, Carol goads Noodles into hitting her and is raped by him; she later on goes on to become Max's moll. That the chore had been commissioned by a Syndicate figure to eliminate the competition sits desperately with Noodles who, unlike Max, dislikes hierarchy and lacks political ambition. The gang provides protection for Teamsters' union boss Jimmy O'Donnell, merely Noodles subsequently rejects Max'southward plan to deepen those ties.

Seeking to grade a 18-carat intimacy with Deborah, Noodles takes her on a lavish date, the tone of which is contradistinct when she reveals her plans to pursue a career in Hollywood. On their drive back, Noodles rapes her in the limousine. He is later met with Deborah'south aloofness when he watches her board the train to California.

The gang'southward success ends with the 1933 repeal of Prohibition. Max suggests a New York Federal Reserve Bank heist, which Noodles and Carol deem a suicide mission. Carol convinces Noodles to inform the police about a lesser offence, hoping brief incarceration will cool off Max'due south ambition. Afterward Noodles calls the law, Max knocks him out during a seemingly impromptu argument. This leads to the events shown in the prologue: upon regaining consciousness and learning that Max, Patsy, and Cockeye have been killed past the police, a guilt-ridden Noodles hides in the opium den. He saves Moe but finds out that his new girlfriend Eve has been murdered and the railway locker money has disappeared. With his gang killed and himself hunted by Syndicate thugs, Noodles settles in Buffalo nether an alias.

In 1968, Noodles is tardily informed that the Beth Israel Cemetery is being redeveloped, and asked to rebury any loved ones. Upon inquiry, the rabbi who had sent the letter informs him that the bodies of his three dead friends have since been relocated to Riverdale. Realizing that someone has deduced his identity, Noodles returns to Manhattan and stays with Moe. Inside the Riverdale mausoleum, Noodles finds a primal to the railway locker. The explanation on the commemorative plaque falsely states that the mausoleum was erected by Noodles himself. The locker reveals a suitcase full of money, and a annotation stating this is a downwards payment on his adjacent job. Noodles watches news of an assassination attempt on controversial U.S. Secretary of Commerce Christopher Bailey. The study shows Jimmy O'Donnell, even so a Teamsters boss, distancing himself from the Bailey corruption scandal. Noodles finds Ballad in a Bailey Foundation care home. She tells him that Max manipulated them into tipping him off to the police and opened burn first, agape of ageing and dying in an insane asylum like his father.

After spotting her in the intendance home dedication photograph, Noodles tracks downwardly Deborah, all the same an extra.[a] He tells her nearly his invitation to a party at Bailey's mansion. Deborah admits to being Bailey'south lover and begs Noodles to remove himself from the situation lest he is confronted with hurtful revelations.

Ignoring Deborah's advice, Noodles comes face to face with the bear witness that Bailey is the nonetheless-living Max. In a split up room during the party, Max explains that he faked his death with the help of the law and Syndicate, stole the gang's money and reinvented himself as a self-fabricated, Teamsters-connected politician. He also confirms that he made Deborah his mistress years earlier. Faced with ruin and the specter of a Teamster bump-off, Max reveals the "task" he has for Noodles–killing him. Noodles, obstinately referring to him by his Bailey identity, refuses because, in his eyes, Max died with the gang. Equally Noodles leaves the estate, a garbage truck starts up and a man resembling Max walks from the entrance toward Noodles until the truck passes between them. Noodles sees the truck's auger grinding down rubbish, but Max is nowhere to be seen.

The epilogue returns to 1933 with Noodles inbound the opium den after his friends' deaths, taking the drug and broadly grinning.

Cast [edit]

  • Robert De Niro as Noodles
    • Scott Tiler as Young Noodles
  • James Woods every bit Max
    • Rusty Jacobs equally Immature Max/David Bailey
  • Elizabeth McGovern equally Deborah
    • Jennifer Connelly as Young Deborah
  • Joe Pesci as Frankie Monaldi
  • Burt Young as Joe
  • Tuesday Weld equally Ballad
  • Care for Williams as Jimmy O'Donnell
  • Danny Aiello as Constabulary Chief Aiello
  • Richard Brilliant as Chicken Joe
  • James Hayden every bit Patsy
    • Brian Bloom as Immature Patsy
  • William Forsythe equally Cockeye
    • Adrian Curran as Young Cockeye
  • Darlanne Fluegel as Eve
  • Larry Rapp as Fat Moe
    • Mike Monetti every bit Young Fat Moe
  • Richard Foronjy equally Whitey
  • Robert Harper as Sharkey
  • Dutch Miller as Van Linden
  • Gerard Murphy as Crowning
  • Amy Ryder as Peggy
    • Julie Cohen as Immature Peggy
  • Estelle Harris as Peggy's mother

The cast also includes Noah Moazezi as Dominic, James Russo as Bugsy, producer Arnon Milchan every bit Noodles' chauffeur, Marcia Jean Kurtz as Max's mother, Joey Faye equally an "Adorable Erstwhile Man", and Olga Karlatos as a wayang patron. Frank Gio, Ray Dittrich and Mario Brega (a regular supporting actor in Leone's Dollars Trilogy) respectively appear as Beefy, Trigger and Mandy, a trio of gangsters who search for Noodles. Frequent De Niro collaborator Chuck Low and Leone'southward daughter Francesca respectively make uncredited appearances as Fat Moe and Deborah's begetter, and David Bailey's girlfriend.[2] In the 2012 restoration, Louise Fletcher appears equally the Cemetery Directress of Riverdale, where Noodles visits his friends' tomb in 1968.[7]

Production [edit]

Development [edit]

During the mid-1960s, Sergio Leone had read the novel The Hoods by Harry Grayness, a pseudonym for the old gangster-turned-informant whose real proper noun was Harry Goldberg. In 1968, after shooting Once Upon a Fourth dimension in the W, Leone made many efforts to talk to Grey. Having enjoyed Leone's Dollars Trilogy, Grey finally responded and agreed to run across with Leone at a Manhattan bar.[eight] Following that initial coming together, Leone met with Grey several times throughout the residuum of the 1960s and 1970s, having discussions with him to understand America through Gray'southward point of view. Intent on making some other trilogy near America consisting of In one case Upon a Fourth dimension in the West, Duck, Yous Sucker! and Once Upon a Time in America, Leone turned down an offer from Paramount Pictures to directly The Godfather in society to pursue his pet project.[9] [ten] Elements of Norman Mailer's first two drafts of a deputed screenplay that was later drafted would announced in the film.[11]

Filming [edit]

Robert De Niro and Sergio Leone on the set of the movie

The filming of Once Upon a Time in America started in June of 1982 and somewhen ended in Apr the adjacent year. The locations where the shooting took place was in and around United states, Canada, Italian republic, and French republic, with a focal point in New York Metropolis.[12] Interior scenes were mostly filmed at the Cinecittà Studios in Rome.[thirteen]

The beach scene, where Max unveils his programme to rob the Federal Reserve, was shot at The Don CeSar in St. Pete Beach, Florida.[xiv] The New York's railway "Grand Cardinal Station" scene in the thirties flashbacks was filmed in the Gare du Nord in Paris.[15] The interiors of the lavish eating place where Noodles takes Deborah on their date were shot in the Hotel Excelsior in Venice, Italy.[xv]

Editing [edit]

By the end of filming, Leone had ten hours worth of footage. With his editor, Nino Baragli, Leone trimmed this to well-nigh vi hours, and he originally wanted to release the motion-picture show in ii parts.[sixteen] The producers refused, partly considering of the commercial and critical failure of Bernardo Bertolucci's ii-part 1900, and Leone was forced to further shorten information technology.[17] The moving-picture show was originally 269 minutes (4 hours and 29 minutes), merely when the moving picture premiered out of competition at the 1984 Cannes Motion-picture show Festival, Leone had cut information technology to 229 minutes (3 hours and 49 minutes) to gratify the distributors, which was the version shown in European cinemas.[18]

Music [edit]

The musical score was composed by Leone'due south longtime collaborator Ennio Morricone. "Deborah's Theme" was written for another pic in the 1970s simply was rejected. The score is likewise notable for Morricone'south incorporation of the music of Gheorghe Zamfir, who plays a pan flute. Zamfir's flute music was used to like effect in Peter Weir'due south Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975).[16] [19] Morricone besides collaborated with vocalist Edda Dell'Orso on the score.

Once Upon a Time in America
Soundtrack album by

Ennio Morricone
Released
  • 1 June 1984
  • 17 October 1995 (Special edition)
Recorded December 1983
Studio Forum Studios, Rome
Genre Contemporary classical
Characterization Mercury Records
Producer Ennio Morricone
Special Edition embrace

Besides the original music, the motion-picture show used source music, including:[20]

  • "God Anoint America" (written past Irving Berlin, performed by Kate Smith – 1943) – Plays over the opening credits from a radio in Eve'south chamber and briefly at the film'south ending.
  • "Yesterday" (written by Lennon–McCartney – 1965) – A Muzak version of this piece plays when Noodles first returns to New York in 1968, examining himself in a railroad train station mirror. An instrumental version of the song as well plays briefly during the dialogue scene between Noodles and "Bailey" towards the terminate of the film.
  • "Summertime" (written past George Gershwin – 1935) An instrumental version of the aria from the opera Porgy and Bess is playing softly in the background every bit Noodles, only before leaving, explains to "Secretary Bailey" why he could never kill his friend.
  • "Amapola" (written by Joseph Lacalle, American lyrics by Albert Gamse – 1923) – Originally an opera piece, several instrumental versions of this vocal were played during the flick; a jazzy version, which was played on the gramophone danced to past young Deborah in 1918; a similar version played by Fat Moe'due south jazz band in the speakeasy in 1930; and a string version, during Noodles' appointment with Deborah. Both versions are available on the soundtrack.
  • "La gazza ladra" overture (Gioachino Rossini – 1817) – Used during the baby-switching scene in the hospital.
  • "Night and Day" (written and sung by Cole Porter – 1932) – Played by a jazz band during the embankment scene before the beachgoers receive word of Prohibition's repeal, and during the party at the house of "Secretarial assistant Bailey" in 1968.
  • "St. James Infirmary Blues" is used during the Prohibition "funeral" at the gang's speakeasy.

A soundtrack album was released in 1984 by Mercury Records.[21] This was followed past a special-edition release in 1995, featuring four additional tracks.[22]

Side one
No. Title Length
1. "One time Upon a Time in America" two:11
2. "Poverty" 3:37
3. "Deborah'due south Theme" 4:24
four. "Childhood Memories" 3:22
five. "Amapola" 5:21
half dozen. "Friends" one:34
7. "Prohibition Dirge" four:20
Side two
No. Title Length
8. "Cockeye's Song" 4:20
nine. "Amapola, Function II" three:07
ten. "Babyhood Poverty" 1:41
11. "Photographic Memories" one:00
12. "Friends" 1:23
13. "Friendship & Dear" 4:14
14. "Speakeasy" two:21
15. "Deborah's Theme – Amapola" 6:13
Bonus tracks (1995 Special Edition)
No. Title Length
16. "Suite from Once Upon a Fourth dimension in America (Includes Amapola)" 13:32
17. "Poverty (Temp. Version)" 3:26
xviii. "Unused Theme" 4:46
xix. "Unused Theme (Version 2)" 3:38

Release [edit]

In one case Upon a Time in America premiered at the 1984 Cannes Moving-picture show Festival on May 20, 1984.[23] It received a raucous, tape-breaking ovation of virtually 20 minutes after the screening (reportedly heard by diners at restaurants across the street from the Palais), at a fourth dimension in Cannes's history earlier marathon applause became a regular occurrence.[24] In the United States, the pic received a wide release in 894 theaters on 1 June 1984, and grossed $2.4 million during its opening weekend.[25] It ended its box office run with a gross of only over $5.iii million on a $30 million budget,[26] and became a box office bomb.[27]

Numerous women at the film'due south premiere reacted furiously, more often than not due to the ii rape sequences. One amongst them later confronted Robert De Niro in a press conference and made harsh comments to the film's depiction, describing it every bit "breathy, gratis violence."[28] In general, the rape scenes specifically were controversial.[29] Richard Godden defended Leone'southward representation of rape that it "articulates the dysfunction between bodies in images and bodies themselves." Elizabeth McGovern supported Godden's claim and said that Leone didn't intend to glamorize any "violent sex".[28] In his book, Sergio Leone's scholar Christopher Frayling argues that the moving-picture show's central gang are all emotionally stunted: "... like modest boys obsessed with their equipment who have no thought how to relate to flesh-and-blood women."[xxx]

Versions [edit]

U.S. version [edit]

The flick was shown in limited release and for film critics in North America, where it was slightly trimmed to secure an "R" rating. Cuts were made to two rape scenes and some of the more than graphic violence at the starting time. Noodles' meeting with Bailey in 1968 was also excised. The film gained a mediocre reception at several sneak premieres in North America. Considering of this early audition reaction, the fear of its length, its graphic violence, and the inability of theaters to take multiple showings in 1 day, The Ladd Company cutting unabridged scenes and removed approximately xc minutes of the motion-picture show,[11] without the supervision of Sergio Leone. This American wide release (1984, 139 minutes) was drastically different from the European release, as the non-chronological story was rearranged into chronological order. Other major cuts involved many of the babyhood sequences, making the adult 1933 sections more than prominent. Noodles' 1968 coming together with Deborah was excised, and the scene with Bailey ends with him shooting himself (with the audio of a gunshot off screen) rather than the garbage truck conclusion of the 229-infinitesimal version.[31] [ page needed ] Sergio Leone's daughter, Raffaella Leone claimed that Leone had dismissed the US version as not his own movie.[32]

USSR [edit]

In the Soviet Marriage, the picture was shown theatrically in the late 1980s, with other Hollywood blockbusters such equally the two King Kong films. The story was rearranged in chronological order and the moving picture was split in ii, with the ii parts shown as separate movies, one containing the childhood scenes and the other comprising the machismo scenes. Despite the rearranging, no major scene deletions were fabricated.[33]

Restored original [edit]

In March 2011, it was announced that Leone's original 269-minute version was to exist re-created by a motion-picture show lab in Italia under the supervision of Leone'due south children, who had acquired the Italian distribution rights, and the film'southward original sound editor, Fausto Ancillai, for a premiere in 2012 at either the Cannes Film Festival or Venice Film Festival.[34] [35]

The restored movie premiered at the 2012 Cannes Pic Festival, simply because of unforeseen rights bug for the deleted scenes, the restoration had a runtime of only 251 minutes.[36] [37] [38] Yet, Martin Scorsese (whose Film Foundation helped with the restoration) stated that he was helping Leone'southward children proceeds the rights to the terminal 24 minutes of deleted scenes to create a complete restoration of Leone's envisaged 269-infinitesimal version. On 3 Baronial 2012, it was reported that after the premiere at Cannes, the restored film was pulled from circulation, pending farther restoration work.[39]

Dwelling house media [edit]

In North America, a two-tape VHS was released by Warner Home Video with a runtime of 226 minutes in February 1985 and 1991. The U.S. theatrical cut was also released at the same fourth dimension in Feb 1985.[xl] A two-disc special edition was released on x June 2003, featuring the 229-infinitesimal version of the picture.[41] This special edition was re-released on 11 January 2011, on both DVD and Blu-ray.[42] On thirty September 2014, Warner Bros. released a two-disc Blu-ray and DVD set of the 251-infinitesimal restoration shown at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, dubbed the Extended Director's Cutting.[43] This version was previously released in Italy, on 4 September 2012.[44]

Disquisitional reception [edit]

The initial disquisitional response to Once Upon a Fourth dimension in America was mixed, because of the unlike versions released worldwide. While internationally the pic was well received in its original form, American critics were much more than dissatisfied with the 139-minute version released in North America. This condensed version was a critical and financial disaster,[45] and many American critics who knew of Leone'south original cutting attacked the curt version. Some critics compared shortening the film to shortening Richard Wagner's operas, saying that works of art that are meant to be long should exist given the respect they deserve. In his 1984 review, Roger Ebert gave the uncut version 4 stars out of four and wrote that it was "an epic poem of violence and greed", but described the American theatrical version as a "travesty".[46] Furthermore, he gave the American theatrical version one star out of four, calling it "an incomprehensible mess without texture, timing, mood, or sense."[47] Ebert'southward television film critic partner Gene Siskel considered the uncut version to be the all-time film of 1984 and the shortened, linear studio version to be the worst film of 1984.[48] All the same, Vincent Canby of The New York Times criticized the nonlinear narrative that is structured throughout the moving-picture show.[49]

It was simply after Leone'due south death and the subsequent restoration of the original version that critics began to give information technology the kind of praise displayed at its original Cannes showing. The uncut original flick is considered to be far superior to the edited version released in the U.South. in 1984.[fifty] Ebert, in his review of Brian De Palma's The Untouchables, called the original uncut version of One time Upon a Time in America the all-time film depicting the Prohibition era.[51] James Woods, who considers it to be Leone's finest pic, mentioned in the DVD documentary that one critic dubbed the film the worst of 1984, only to see the original cut years afterwards and call it the best of the 1980s.[33] Some were disquisitional towards the movie'due south graphic violence and cruelty, with Donald Clarke of Irish Times condemning it as a "fistful of misogyny" and offensively "sexist".[52]

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, In one case Upon a Time in America has an approval rating of 87% based on 54 reviews, with an average score of viii.l/10. The website's critic consensus reads, "Sergio Leone's epic crime drama is visually stunning, stylistically assuming, and emotionally haunting, and filled with great performances from the likes of Robert De Niro and James Forest."[53] On Metacritic, the picture has a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on reviews from xx critics, indicating "by and large favorable reviews".[54]

The moving picture has since been ranked as one of the all-time films of the gangster genre. When Sight & Sound asked several United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland critics in 2002 what their favorite films of the last 25 years were, Once Upon a Time in America placed at number ten.[55] In 2015, the film was ranked at number nine on Time Out 's list of the 50 best gangster films of all fourth dimension,[56] while in 2021, The Guardian cited information technology every bit the fourth greatest mobster film ever made.[57]

Accolades [edit]

Different its modern critical success, the initial American release did non fare well with critics and received no Academy Award nominations.[58] The picture's music was butterfingers from Oscar consideration for a technicality,[59] as the studio accidentally omitted the composer'south name from the opening credits when trimming its running fourth dimension for the American release.[33]

Laurels Category Nominee Result
38th British Academy Film Awards[sixty] Best Costume Design Gabriella Pescucci Won
All-time Flick Music Ennio Morricone Won
Best Direction Sergio Leone Nominated
Best Extra in a Supporting Role Tuesday Weld Nominated
All-time Cinematography Tonino Delli Colli Nominated
42nd Gilt World Awards[61] Best Director Sergio Leone Nominated
Best Original Score Ennio Morricone Nominated
8th Japan Academy Prize[62] Outstanding Strange Language Film
–
 Won
tenth Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards[63] Best Pic
–
 Nominated
Best Director Sergio Leone Nominated
Best Music Score Ennio Morricone Won

Interpretations [edit]

As the movie begins and ends in 1933, with Noodles hiding in an opium den from syndicate hitmen, and the last shot of the flick is of Noodles in a grin, opium-soaked high, the motion picture tin exist interpreted as having been a drug-induced dream, with Noodles remembering his past and envisioning the futurity. In an interview by Noël Simsolo published in 1987, Leone confirms the validity of this interpretation, maxim that the scenes ready in the 1960s could exist seen as an opium dream of Noodles'.[64] In the DVD commentary for the film, moving-picture show historian and critic Richard Schickel states that opium users often report vivid dreams, and that these visions have a tendency to explore the user's past and future.[65]

The catastrophe in which Max appears as Noodles is leaving Bailey's mansion and then of a sudden disappears behind a truck only for Noodles to run across the blades of the truck spinning, was reportedly left cryptic on purpose. James Woods who played Max claimed that he does non know if Max jumped in the truck or just disappeared. Critic Carlo Affatigato described this twist as a "paradox," postulating that the whole movie is nigh how Noodles spends the second half of his life seeking out the truth of what happened, only to discover it, not take it, and not investigate what happens to Max in the finish. Noodles merely wants to believe the reality he has created for himself, non an objective one. Affatigato likewise believes this could point to it all existence the imagination of Noodles.[66]

Many people (including Schickel) assume that the 1968 Frisbee scene, which has an firsthand cut and gives no further resolution, was function of a longer sequence.[67] Ebert stated that the purpose of the flying disc scene was to establish the 1960s time frame and nada more.[46]

Run into also [edit]

  • List of films cut over the director's opposition

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Though every other graphic symbol are shown to exist elderly during 1968, Deborah is depicted every bit uncannily younger. "Historic period cannot wither her... Information technology'due south like the play was written for you," Noodles tells her after reading the theater affiche of "Anthony and Cleopatra," which Deborah had just acted in.[6]

References [edit]

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  2. ^ a b "In one case Upon a Time in America (1983)". British Film Found. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved one Feb 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Once Upon a Time in America (EN) [Original title]". European Audiovisual Observatory. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  4. ^ "In one case Upon a Time in America (1984) - Box Office Mojo". Boxofficemojo.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2019. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  5. ^ "The Film with Three Names – in Praise of Sergio Leone'south Neglected Spaghetti Western". British Film Institute. 24 Apr 2018. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved ii June 2019.
  6. ^ Sokol, Tony (7 September 2021). "'In one case Upon a Time in America' Is Every bit every bit Swell a Gangster Movie as 'The Godfather'". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  7. ^ Macnab, Geoffrey (15 May 2012). "Martin Scorsese breathes new life into gangster archetype In one case Upon a Fourth dimension in America". The Independent. Archived from the original on ii April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  8. ^ Frayling 2012, pp. 389–90.
  9. ^ Roger Fristoe. "Sergio Leone Profile". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  10. ^ Lucia Bozzola (2014). "Sergio Leone". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on xvi July 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  11. ^ a b Sokol, Tony (22 September 2021). "Once Upon a Time in America Is a Moving picture That Can Never Be Likewise Long". Den of Geek . Retrieved 11 October 2021.
  12. ^ Mukhopadhyay, Arka (three September 2021). "Where Was Once Upon a Fourth dimension in America Filmed?". The Cinemaholic . Retrieved 16 Oct 2021.
  13. ^ "'Once Upon a Time in America' Locations". LatLong.internet . Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  14. ^ "History of Loews Don CeSar Hotel". Loews Hotels. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
  15. ^ a b "The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations". Archived from the original on 11 December 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  16. ^ a b Hughes 2006, p. 163.
  17. ^ Jagernauth, Kevin (9 June 2014). "Sergio Leone's Extended Director's Cutting of 'Once Upon a Time in America'". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  18. ^ "Festival de Cannes: In one case Upon a Fourth dimension in America". Festival-cannes.com . Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  19. ^ Torikian, Messrob (25 August 2003). "Once Upon a Fourth dimension in America (1984)". Soundtrack. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  20. ^ Hughes 2006, p. 162.
  21. ^ "Once Upon a Time in America (1984) Soundtrack". Soundtrack.Net. Archived from the original on 2 Apr 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  22. ^ "One time Upon a Fourth dimension in America [Special Edition] – Ennio Morricone". AllMusic. All Media Network. Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  23. ^ Frayling 2012, pp. 460–61.
  24. ^ "A-Ron's Motion picture Rewind Presents: Once Upon a Time in America – the 35th Ceremony". 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on xiv November 2020. Retrieved iv April 2020.
  25. ^ "Once Upon a Fourth dimension in America". Box Part Mojo. IMDb. Archived from the original on ii April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  26. ^ "One time Upon a Time in America". The Numbers. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  27. ^ McCarty 2005, p. 235.
  28. ^ a b Eberwein & Bell-Meterau 2010, pp. 26–27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEberweinBell-Meterau2010 (help)
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  30. ^ Frayling 2012.
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Bibliography [edit]

  • Eberwein, Robert; Bell-Metereau, Rebecca (2010). Acting for America: Motion-picture show Stars of the 1980s. Rutgers University Printing. ISBN978-0-8135-4760-two.
  • Frayling, Christopher (2012). Sergio Leone: Something to Do with Expiry. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN978-0816646838.
  • Hughes, Howard (2006). Criminal offence Wave: The Filmgoers' Guide to the Great Criminal offense Movies. New York Metropolis: I.B. Tauris. ISBN978-1845112196.
  • McCarty, John (24 May 2005). Bullets Over Hollywood: The American Gangster Movie from the Silents to "The Sopranos". Boston, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. ISBN978-0306814297. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  • Simsolo, Noël (1987). Conversations avec Sergio Leone. Paris: Stock. ISBN2-234-02049-two.

External links [edit]

  • Once Upon a Time in America at IMDb
  • In one case Upon a Time in America at Rotten Tomatoes
  • Once Upon a Time in America at Box Office Mojo
  • Once Upon a Time in America at AllMovie

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America

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